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Cite primary sources when possible, and cite secondary sources sparingly.Readers may find a long string of citations difficult to understand, especially if they are using assistive technology such as a screen reader therefore, include only those citations needed to support your immediate point.The works you cite may provide key background information, support or dispute your thesis, or offer critical definitions and data. Cite only works that you have read and ideas that you have incorporated into your writing.Ensure that the spelling of author names and the publication dates in reference list entries match those in the corresponding in-text citations.The following are guidelines to follow when writing in-text citations:
#How to make a footnote in apa manual#
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed).Both paraphrases and quotations require citations. If appendix "consists of only a table or figure, then the appendix label takes the place of the table or figure number and the appendix title takes the place of the table or figure title."Īdapted from American Psychological Association.Figure A2 for the second figure in Appendix A). If text appendix contains tables, figures, footnotes and/or display equations, give each one a number preceded by the letter of the appendix in which it appears (ex.If the appendix includes text, the text should be written as regular indented paragraphs."Appendix A," "Appendix B" and so forth) in the order they're mentioned in the text If there is more than one appendix, label each with with a capital letter (ex.If single appendix, label page "Appendix.".Begin each appendix on a new page following references and footnotes (if applicable).Write footnotes as double-spaced indented paragraphs which begin with superscript footnote number. For separate page- Label section "Footnotes" in bold, centered at the top of the page.Appear in the footer or on a separate page following references.Number all footnotes consecutively in the order they appear, use superscript Arabic numerals within the text.Use a footnote to acknowledge the source of lengthy quotes, scale and test items, and figures or tables that have been reproduced or adapted.Content footnotes convey just one idea and only include simple, relevant or essential information.Use footnotes to provide additional content or acknowledge copyright permission.Use a hanging indent for reference- first line of each reference is flush with the left margin while subsequent lines are indented.The word " References" should appear (without quotation marks) centered at the top of the page, bold.Use Level 1 heading for next main section of paper.Use Level 2 heading for any subsections within introduction, Level 3 for subsections of Level 2, and so on.Do not type the heading "Introduction," title will act as de facto Level 1 heading.Type the title in title case, bold, centered and positioned at the top of the first page of text.Page number in page header, flush right.Running head in page header, flush left (not applicable to student papers).Author's note (not applicable to student papers).Center the institutional affiliation directly under the author's/authors' name.Format the name omitting titles (Dr, Prof, etc.) and degrees: First name, middle initial, last name.Center the author's/authors' name directly under the title.If title is longer than one line, separate the title and subtitle on double-spaced lines if desired.Title should be typed in title case, bold, centered and positioned in upper half of title page.Appears flush left in all-capital letters.Avoid using abbreviations in the running head.If title is less than 50 characters, can be used as running head.
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Doesn't have to be same as title, but limited to 50 characters and conveys the idea of the title.Include a running head on every page (Running Head does not apply to academic/student papers).Do not justify the text or use hyphenation.Footnotes- default footnote settings of word-processing program acceptable.Computer code- use a monospace font (ex.Figure images- use a sans serif font with a type size between 8 and 14.Serif fonts preferred for print works (Recommend 12pt Times New Roman or 11pt Georgia).San serif fonts preferred for online works (Recommend 11pt Calibri, 11-point Arial, or 10pt Lucida Sans Unicode).
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